Family Business Plan Essay

Other than that, Ming Yi Feeds is worked in the classification of control and the executives of relative. All the significant thing and choice is making without anyone else however not the untouchable. The business is the original and built up for a long time. The organizer of Ming Yi Feeds Sdn Bhd isn't right now arranging his retirement and isn't choosing to pass the responsibility for organization to anybody since he is as yet youthful and can maintain the business. The progression factor of the organization is the dad of the CEO is exceptionally support for the business. What's more, probably the greatest client of the organization is the BM Lean Huat Chan a chicken cultivating organization own by the CEO’s father. The steady relatives of the CEO is taking an interest themselves in the business and the help from their dad made the organization fruitful. The business is kept hidden and private to general society just as their family. The main people ready to get to the business data are the CEO and his dad. This is on the grounds that all the business data is pivotal to the organization like their provider and clients. The originator doesn't have any intrigued to sell their privately-run company, in light of the fact that the proprietor dreams to remain the business in their family. Be that as it may, so as to grow their business, investor might be required to increase some capital, however the family will in any case holding the dominant part share contrast with different investors. The organization is actualizing an essential remuneration strategy which is base compensation and remittances. In any case, there is a reward to each worker consistently and the sum depends on the exhibition in the specific year. Foundation Information Company address: Plot 31, Jalan Perindustrian Bukit Minyak 9, Taman Perindustrian Bukit Minyak, 14100 Simpang Empat. Phone No: 04-5078488 Fax No: 04-5086488 Types of Business Entity: Sendirian Berhad Work Force: Presently 20 Staff Member Building Particular: workplaces 24 X 98 feet Turnover for every year: RM 100 million Profit Margin: 0 ~ 1 % Quality Policy Mr. Seah said that they are focused on reliably give the quality item and administrations to fulfill or surpass customer’s desires through constant procedure improvement, satisfactorily prepared and created work power and on time conveyance. Vision Ming Yi needs to be a serious maker in farming item in Malaysia. Crucial Yi Feeds is focused on bringing the best and safe horticulture item to Malaysia agribusiness industry through its inventive R&D division, offices and administrations offering. Target Ming Yi Feeds needs to additionally help its deal by 10% in the following two years. Association Chart Role of Family Members Chief Executive Officer †Seah Yeok Chee the CEO is capable in settling on choice and guarantees the perfection of the business activity just as the offer of the organization. He is the oldest child in the family. Head supervisor †Kuo Yee Mei the GM is helping the CEO in day by day activity. She is mindful in keeping up stock level. She is the spouse of the CEO Mr. Seah. Money related & Human Resources Manager †Seah Ai Ling the budgetary and HR director is capable in the monetary division in the organization just as enrollment and choice of new representatives. She is the sister of the CEO. Activity Manager †Seah Yeok Chew the activity director is capable in the feed creation process and guarantees the nature of the item to fulfill the guideline. He is the more youthful sibling to the CEO. Struggle * Connectivity There is absence of association between the organization and the whole market, in light of the fact that the majority of materials are originated from relative (different business substance in a similar family). Along these lines, the expense is marginally higher. * Management issue The progression level and the authority are indistinct. Which are the distinction/hole between original (father) and second era (child). * Concept The organization is actualizing a preservationist approach. The organization isn't effectively looked for new client and don't face challenge in new venture. Arrangement * The organization conveys to the market and gets different providers so as to limit the expense. By this the organization discovered distinctive provider and think about the cost. * The authority among father and child are separated unmistakably. In this way, the choice made by the child isn't influenced by the dad. So as to accomplish the organization vision and mission, they do some interest in advertising their item to new client. Business Activity * Selling takes care of * Selling Raw Material to others provider particularly Maize and Soya bean * Others administrations Raw Material The principle crude materials are Maize, Soya bean feast, Corn gluten supper, Broken Rice, Feed Wheat, Salt, Meat and Bone, DCP, Feed Oil/Cooki ng Oil and Vaccine all the elements of grain are locally accessible at low costs however a few nutrients different fixings should be imported. Item Manufacturing Process The compound feed readiness process requires 1. High exactness and accuracy of gauging 2. Feed fixing taking care of and handling 3. Blending 4. Pressing 5. Naming Process Flow Diagram Compound Feed Process stream of UBM Formula of Feeds R1 †12 †10 ( 8107C ) Group| Name| Amount| Big Scale| Corn| 1058| | SBM Hipro| 478| Liquid| Olien/Cooking Oil| 48| Bin| C. G. M | 70| | Feed Wheat| 100| | DDGS ( Low-Pro )| 100| | MBM| 70| Hand-add| D. C. P 18%| 14| | Limestone Powder| 9| | Salt| 0. 50| | Sodium Humate| 10| Premix | Premix Merah| 1 X| | Premix 8107| 1 X| L-Lysine| 9. 84| | DL-Methionine| 6. 58| | Choline Chloride 60%| 2. 40| | Toxisorb| 3. 00| | Natuphos ( 5000G )| 0. 30| | 1979. 62| Types of Feeds * 8107 Crumbles * 8207 Crumbles * 8207 Pellet * 8307 Pellet * 8107 c is for the chicken ( 1-8 days old ) * 8207c is for the chicken ( 9-14 days old) * 8207p is for the chicken ( 15-21 days old ) * 8307p is for the chicken ( 22days †selling ) Location Tanker for capacity crude material Packaging process Photo of the capacity exist Loading process Working condition Weight the feeds and truck before send to the homestead

A Research Paper on Estee Lauder

Much can be said for the organization that gave us a variety of scents, makeup, and attire along the years. Esteã © Lauder Companies alongside the its offshoots have made some amazing progress from beginning as a little counter on Saks Fifth Avenue in New York City in the late forties.The organization became out to turn into a market chief in the beauty care products showcase in the United States. With deals summing up to $ 6 billion of every 2006, the â€Å"quite small† organization that Joseph Lauder and his significant other began is a regular example of overcoming adversity copied the world over.However, interests and discussions proliferate as the organization that is as yet ruled by the Lauder family at present faces a problem whether to straightforwardly confront the contentions head on or simply hang on and work together the standard way.SituationIn February of 2001, an ace Palestinian gathering drove a blacklist on all Estee Lauder Companies items after claims of exp ert Israel exercises that were finished by Ronald Lauder, the present CEO of Estee Lauder Companies. The blacklist cost a decline in the benefits of the whole gathering of organizations while simultaneously influencing the picture of the organization in general due to the episode. Steps of remarketing methodologies were finished by the organization in order to counterbalance the negative impacts of the blacklist on the picture of the whole company.This was gone before by a long standing fight in court of Ronald Lauder with Vladimir Zelezny and the Czech Republic in 1999 which has come about to a compensation out to the Estee Lauder CEO by the Czech businessperson which by chance was chosen as congressperson of Czech Republic.In expansion, Estee lauder is confronting the weights of noting claims that the fixings in a portion of its beauty care products contributions are dangerous and ought not be sold in the market. Moreover, the organization likewise needs to address the developing number of characteristic elective makeup in the market that is gradually gobbling up its market shares.ConflictThe blacklist was gotten by general society with blended responses. A large portion of the Muslim populace clung to the gathering that began the blacklist and saw Ronald Lauder as a supposed Zionist who, however a businessperson, is extremely strong of the Israeli control of Palestine. The contention here is the lawfulness and goal of Mr. Lauder to offer such expressions without considering the way that he speaks to an enormous worldwide organization and anything that comes out of his mouth could influence the picture and impact on the organization that he leads.On the other hand, the activities that the head official made towards policy centered issues are seen by certain gatherings, especially by Pro-Israeli gatherings as an activity if his privilege of free discourse and free activities. This was even replied by an enemy of blacklist which is equipped to repudiate the ch arges that the CEO of Estee Lauder did was the fitting thing to do.The essential clash here not actually the subject of whether Ronald Lauder accomplished something that would please a specific gathering of individuals or not however the negative impacts that the occurrence involved on the picture of the organization, just as Mr. Lauder himself. The impacts can be exemplified by a noteworthy reduction in the stock costs of Estee Lauder in the financial exchanges in 2001 which added up to a ceaseless bearish plummet and cost the organization misfortunes along the way.Estee Lauder’s advertising endeavors have likewise been essentially influenced by the recognition towards Ronald Lauder. In actuality, media transmission adventures of the organization in Europe, RSL Communications failed that year after the occurrence. The tasks of the telecoms organization are basically situated in Europe and the United States.Furthermore, what occurred in the media adventure between Ronald Laud er and his Czech accomplice, Vladimir Zelezny came about to a legitimate suit after the last neglected to discharge the permit for the neighborhood arrange Nova which was under Lauder’s Central European Media Enterprises (CME). This further influenced the picture of the CEO and prompted the liquidation of CME in 2000. This anyway was remunerated by the harm expenses that were granted for Ronald Lauder in 2003.Furthermore, the issue of Estee Lauder tricking clients over engineered and poisonous fixings over their beauty care products is one genuine clash that the organization is making a decent attempt to confront. For example, a report by Dr. Samuel S. Epstein, M.D., seat of the Cancer Prevention Coalition in Chicago, showed in one of his reports that the greater part of the items that Estee Lauder sells in the market today contain certain cancer-causing agents which could cause malignant growth through nonstop use.He facilitated that the items specifically that Origins disch arged as of late which cases to â€Å"optimize skin protection against skin age accelerators† have been considered confounding and that the advertising technique utilized here by Estee Lauder plainly conceals reality to its clients.In a similar report that was distributed by Dr. Epstein, he guarantees that fixings, for example, Limonene, PEG-100, among others are known cancer-causing agents which are all present in the present product offerings that the beauty care products organization sells in the market. Additionally, the examination incorporates the nearness of Parabens and Bisabolol, the two of which are known to disturb endocrine elements of the body and infiltrate skin respectively.With the developing business sector for progressively regular and creature well disposed beauty care products gradually gobbling up the market, Estee Lauder needs to reevaluate its present promoting methodology and contribute more on the item improvement of its restorative product offerings so as to adapt up to the high development popular in the market.

A Good List of Opinion Essay Topics

A Good List of Opinion Essay Topics Some good opinion essay topics include: Should the voting age be changed? Should the driving age be raised? Should people be allowed to keep exotic animals as pets? Should sexual education be taught at school? Should abortions be legal? Should there be a bike sharing program? Should America start using the metric system? Should there be free public Wi-Fi? Should you punish people who download music illegally? Should boys and girls be in separate classes? Intro on an opinion essay In an opinion essay, you express your thoughts on a given topic. It would seem that any work is an expression of one’s own thoughts. What is the essence of this kind of essay? In opinion essays, you need not just to reflect your point of view but also look at the proposed topic from different angles. Consider all aspects of the issue, write your opinion, and necessarily confirm it with confident arguments. An essay-opinion plan includes: Introduction. You specify the topic of reasoning. Main part. You express your opinion and confidently argue it. Here it is also desirable to consider the opinion opposite to yours and explain to the reader why you do not share this point of view. The conclusion. You sum up, finally formulating your point of view on the proposed topic. What to describe in essay? An opinion essay is the paper where you share your opinion on a certain issue. Therefore, one main idea is the foundation of reasoning, its core that is accurately formed, clear, and grounded from various opinions. Step one. Clearly form the idea you want to talk about. You can check the success of this step in the following way. Step two. Choose the arguments that support your idea and arrange them in the following order: very convincing â€" convincing enough â€" the most convincing. Useful reference on how to write opinion essay An opinion essay consists of the following: Thesis (that idea, opinion, judgment that you formed and which you are going to defend in your paper). Statements (your every statement should be regarded as a visual proof, achieved, and thus an authentic proof of your ideas). A conclusion (it talks once again about the thesis bringing it to a new level with the usage of forecasts, advice, recommendations, etc.). A desirable section of the reasoning is a brief intro, the task of which is to engage the reader in a dialogue, define the main idea and relevance of the issue. For instance, the the topic of the essay is “First Love”. The first thing you need to do is to create the thesis. If your thesis is “The first love happens in the life of every person and greatly influences the future”, the intro can be: “For teens, the first love is often the meaning of life, while adults only smile at it. However, in vain parents and acquaintances grin: according to psychologists, the first love hides the source of our adult happiness and misfortune”. Argumentation in the essay should be no more than two thirds of the whole size. It is best to have three arguments for a small paper. The best statements are those that are known to everyone such facts from history or at least those that can be easily verified using the specialized literature and documents. Good evidence will be statistical data, the events under discussion. In the practice of school essays, the weightiest argument is a literary work, not all, but that episode, the story line, the hero’s story that confirm your idea. To correctly choose statements, spell your thesis out every time you read it and ask it the question “Why?” For instance, here is another thesis related to the theme “First Love” â€" “To love means to become better”. Why? A personal experience can also be an argument but remember that such evidence is least convincing and it is well represented in the form of an extension to the main facts, known and authoritative. Then choose the arguments that support your idea and arrange them from the least convincing to the most convincing. Conclusion deepens the thesis and contains advice, rules or offers forecasts. For instance, no matter when the first love occurs in your life, it can make a person tough cynic, an unrecognizable romantic or a realist. The first one will be deeply unhappy: he cannot love, which means that he will remain alone. The second from the absolute optimism of love often turns to the same pessimism of “no love”. And only the third is able to find harmony. In order to have more people like this, adults, relatives, friends should be careful and serious about the feelings of adolescents and children. Essay samples for inspiration An opinion essay is a kind of creative work. Do not be shy of your thoughts. Don’t think your thoughts and opinions will be stupid. Pretend that you’re talking to a friend and sharing your opinion on the subject. Often, there are difficulties with writing the first sentence. You do not know where to start. In this case, the writing of the entry should be postponed. That is, first write the main part of the work, then the conclusion, and only then return to the introduction. In order not to be shy of your thoughts, it’s recommended writing anonymous essays in order to read them in the future for the whole class and make out your mistakes on your example. Everyone recognizes their own essay and is not afraid of the ridicule of fellow students or bad evaluation. You will understand what was incorrect in your work (in stylistic terms, in the logic of presentation, etc.). At the same time, teachers should not read even very funny excerpts from the works, especially with the indication of the author. After such an analysis, the student may have a persistent hatred for writing works. It should be noted that the key to good writing is reading books and communicating with adults. Talk more often sharing your opinion on certain things, discuss everything you see and hear, everything that interests you. Tips for writing Here are the tips to follow when writing an opinion essay: Stick to the structure of the essay. Once you have received the assignment, determine the type of essay and the plan by which you will write it. After that, come up with the title, the intro, several paragraphs of the main part, and the conclusion. Use a draft. Since there is not much time to write an essay use the draft. Outline your thoughts and arguments using short theses. This will allow you not to forget important thoughts while writing a final version of the text. Prepare for any topic. The essay shows not only your level of language knowledge but also erudition. Therefore, before preparing for the exam read the texts on different topics. Leave time for the check-up. Allocate the time so that at the end of the exam you have at least 5 minutes left to check the essay. Define the appropriate style. The style of writing an essay should be semi-formal or formal. Do not use slang and word abbreviations. Be concise. The essay is a short written work. Keep within the limits of the text. Give arguments. Each written thought should not sound unfounded. Support it with arguments, a vivid example, statistics, etc. Use the word-bundles. Introductory words for essays are important links that link sentences together, forming a logical chain of your thoughts. Use a variety of vocabulary and grammar. Avoid repetition of words, use synonyms and complex grammatical constructions. Present your thoughts correctly. Essay is a written expression of your thoughts on a particular topic. And here it is important not to forget about elementary delicacy. Write softly. Though you should write your thoughts on the issue, try not to use the structures such as “I’m sure that ”, “I know that ”, etc. List of topics for opinion essay If you’re at a loss about what topic to choose for your opinion essay, search online where you can find many interesting opinion paper topics to get an idea of what you can write about. How to choose a right topic? In order to choose the right topic for your paper, the topic should be interesting for you and you should have a desire to write about it and research it. Conclusion on an opinion essay Now you know how to write an essay perfectly. In order for this theoretical knowledge to bring you practical knowledge in the form of a high score on the exam, actively use them. Practice writing essays on different topics â€" this will be the best preparation for the exam.

Essay on Obama and the National Debt - 1185 Words

â€Å"Back in 2008, candidate Obama called a $10 trillion national debt ‘unpatriotic’. Yet by his own decisions, President Obama has added more debt than any other president before him, one president, one term, and $5 trillion in new debt† (Paul Ryan, Rep. for Wisconsin, 2011). Everyone agrees that the national debt needs to be fixed. However, people are disagreeing about how to tackle this problem and whether or not we are making any progress. Like most global issues, it is a complicated issue with equally difficult solutions. It is hard to keep people’s interest in a confusing issue, but since we children are the ones that will be stuck with this problem soon, we’d better start taking an interest. To make this easier to†¦show more content†¦So they decreased their deficit by $10,000 which sounds great for one year, but they actually still increased their debt by another $15,000. The same thing works for the government. The govern ment has the Gross Domestic Product (â€Å"GDP†), which is basically how much money all the new goods and services are worth that everyone in America buys within a given year. The GDP represents the â€Å"how much we earn† part. The second part is everything the government spends money on; healthcare, defense, education, welfare, social security, etc. According to President Obama’s State of the Union Address, we are making progress with our debt elimination. He cited that the deficit has dropped from 6.8% of the GDP in 2012 to 3.9% in 2013. Based on my example above, we know that the deficit is not the same as the debt and that the debt continues to get larger every minute of every day. Unfortunately, while the deficit percentage of the GDP did get smaller last year, the debt percentage of the GDP is ridiculously high at 73% according to the Congressional Budget Office (â€Å"CBO†); this means that the debt is higher now than any time since after Wo rld War II. And while it may reduce for the next few years due to economic growth, the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget (â€Å"CRFB†) predicts that the debt will grow to 79.2% of GDP by 2024 and 100% by 2023. This means thatShow MoreRelatedLearning From Past Presidents Essay example873 Words   |  4 Pagesissues of national debt and foreign policy. President Washington found it be in the interest of the national debt to always protect the public credit. To use the credit as least as possible by keeping times of peace to avoid spending. To you the nation’s money to prepare for the event of national concern over time, instead of dispersing large sums in individual events, this would help to decrease the accumulation of debt. Even more, take advantage of times of peace to pay down the national debt occurredRead MoreU.s National Debt And History1304 Words   |  6 PagesUS national debt and history The national debt of US is the amount owed by the federal government. 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Federal Deficit1345 Words   |  6 Pages National Debt vs. Federal Deficit What word begin with â€Å"d† ends with â€Å"t†, and has to deal with the nation s budgets? Well if you guessed debt, then you are absolutely correct. Or deficit, because both fit the criteria just fine. Though these words look alike, they are not interchangeable. The difference between the two is that while the national debt is getting bigger the federal deficit (as of 2014) is increasingly becoming less. As of last year it was said that the Obama administration wasRead MorePresident Reagan s Economic Recovery Package1441 Words   |  6 PagesReagan administration. To be Frank, it would be virtually impossible for President to stage an Obama revolution with approximately a year left in office. The current political landscape is different and more challenging. Similar to President Reagan, if President Obama were to attempt an Obama revolution, he would need to use the partisan pathway. President Obama’s biggest roadblock is timing. President Obama would need to allies from his administration and from both the Republican Party and DemocraticRead MoreU.s. Federal Budget Deficit927 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States debt had reached $17.7 trillion dollars (Fighting for a U.S. federal budget that works for all Americans, 2014). Over the past few years, the U.S. debt has continued to increase and signs point to this continuing into 2015. According to the article I have cited, China and Japan hold the vast majority of the United States debt (Fighting for a U.S. federal budget that works for all Americans, 2014). This graph depicts all of the f oreign investors who currently hold U.S. debt: (FightingRead MoreEssay Causes Associated with the Unemployment Problems in the US807 Words   |  4 Pagesmore. 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Another contributor to this national debit is also the federal budget the President and congress go over every year, which includes an acceleratedRead MorePresident Obama Administration : The Fiscal Policy1480 Words   |  6 PagesGiven the critical circumstances the United States economy faces today, the current fiscal policy, in addition to the changes that will be made in the future, is under intense scrutiny. During the Obama administration, which will soon come to an end in about six months, a variety of policies were created in attempts to create employment, raise our GDP, and boost the state of the economy, among other ideas. The fiscal policies created by Congress and the Presid ent demonstrate success in some areas

Essay on Finance and Internal Control - 976 Words

ACCT301 Week 2 Homework 1. In two to three paragraphs, describe the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and why it is important to the accounting profession. (15 points) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was passed in 2002 by Congress after a series of scandals involving companies such as Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco. This was passed because of shady transactions and misrepresented financial data which caused shareholders to lose millions of dollars and their trust in investing in public companies. It was passed to create new rules of accountability and accuracy for public companies. It is important to the account profession because companies were required to have met certain conditions or face the consequences. The Act requires all public companies to†¦show more content†¦Control Activities: This refers to the organization’s policies and procedures which help ensure that the necessary actions are taken to speak out and address potential risks. Information and Communication: This focuses on the â€Å"nature and quality† of information that is needed in order to effectively control the systems used to develop such information and reports used to communicate effectively. Monitoring: This involves assessing the quality and effectiveness of the company’s internal control process over time. This includes assessing the design and operation of controls, the compliance with polices and procedures, and making sure everything is done according to the rules. 3. Describe the relationship between the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and COSO. (10 points) There are some close relationships between the SOX and the COSO. The COSO would essentially the framework for the SOX which took effect in 2002, forcing businesses to comply with different rules, policies, and producers. Though SOX is more rigorous about setting these standards and have implemented more guidelines, the COSO was essentially what the SOX Act used in order to stop fraud within a business setting. 4. Tom Jackson is a CPA who really likes to go to Las Vegas, play poker, and bet on football games. Tom knows that the accounting profession disapproves ofShow MoreRelatedFinance and Internal Controls Essay697 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Finance and Investment Controls Just as all cycles discussed in this proposal the finance and investment cycles are vital to the return of borrowed assessments and the value (and longevity) of the company. Corresponded or intertwined to that of the investment cycle and business cycle, the Finance cycle deals with the company’s ability to pay back investors and entities that have facilitated finance to the company’s mission and vision. The finance cycle commences from the initial moments of obtainingRead MoreSources of Internal and External Finance for American Chicken959 Words   |  4 Pagesthe different sources of finance available to them , both internal and external. By doing this it will help them achieve both of their business objectives mentioned before. Overview There are two sources of finances available to American chicken, internal and external. Internal sources of finance are finances raised from inside the company for example profit that is re-invested into the business known as retained profit. Internal finance is generally the type of finance that a new business wouldRead MoreWhat is Finance Management?1598 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is finance management? â€Å"Financial Management is the Operational Activity of a business that is responsible for obtaining and effectively utilizing the funds necessary for efficient operation.† by Joseph Massie. 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Internal source of finance The Corporation reliesRead More CEO and Head of the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors1037 Words   |  5 Pagesmemo are, first, to explain the meaning and significance of evaluating control environment; second, to discuss the integrity and ethical values; third, to show the organizational structure; fourth, the importance of establishing commitment to competence; finally, to establish and segregate the division of responsibilities of finance and accounting department in order to establish the appropriate tone. Control Environment Control environment is the step engaged by a company to prevent fraud; both misappropriationRead MoreThe Impact Of Internal Controls On Tertiary Institution s Financial Performance1510 Words   |  7 PagesThe different impacts that internal controls on tertiary institution’s Financial Performance: Background of the study Internal controls refer to different measures employed by organizations so as to ensure attainment of the entity’s objective, goals and missions. With the aim of reducing wastes, theft or the misuse of organization resources specifically funds, different policies and procedures are enforced on the transactions to ensure appropriate transactions management. 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Budget Holder Members of staff other than the Head of Academic Department or the Head of Professional Service or the Director of Finance who have been assigned a budget and is accountable to a Pro-Director or the Director of Finance. 3. Director of Finance This is the chief financial officer of the school, who is accountableRead MoreInformation Technology Audit Team Creation1287 Words   |  6 Pagespertaining to the entire organization. Moreover, the expected outcome of this report is to provide all crucial aspects of successfully creating an IT audit team, so that the team is fully efficient to figure out each and every pros and cons of the internal controls of an IT department. Focus for the Team The focus of an IT audit team is evolving from a traditional to a progressive approach. Whereas traditional auditors were audit focused and their objectives were mostly based on compliance, policies and

Regression Analysis and Marks Free Essays

BRUNEL UNIVERSITY Master of Science Degree examination Specimen Exam Paper 2005-2006 EC5002: Modelling Financial Decisions and Markets EC5030: Introduction to Quantitative Methods Time allowed: 1. 5 hours Answer all of question 1 and at least two other questions 1. COMPULSORY Provide brief answers to all the following: (a) A sample of 20 observations corresponding to the model: Y = + X + u, gave the P P P following data: (X X)2 = 215:4, (Y Y )2 = 86:9, and (X X)(Y Y ) = 106:04. We will write a custom essay sample on Regression Analysis and Marks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Estimate . 5 marks) (b) Prove that r2 = byx bxy , where byx is the least-squares (LS) slope in the regression of Y on X , bxy is the LS slope in the regression of X on Y , and r is the coe? cient of correlation between X and Y . (5 marks) (c) Present four alternative in†¡ ation/unemployment regressions. (5 marks) (d) Give one reason for autocorrelated disturbances. (5 marks) (e) Explain how we might use the Breusch-Godfrey statistic to test estimated residuals for serial correlation. (5 marks) (f) The following regression equation is estimated as a production function for Q: lnQ = 1:37 + 0:632 lnK + 0:452 lnL, cov(bk ; bl ) = 0:055; 0:257) (0:219) where the standard errors are given in parentheses. Test the hypothesis that capital (K ) and labor (L) elasticities of output are identical. (5 marks) Continued (Turn over) 1 ANSWER TWO QUESTIONS FROM THE FOLLOWING: 2. (a) Economic theory supplies the economic interpretation for the predicted relationships between nominal (in†¡ ation) uncertainty, real (output growth) uncertainty, output growth, and in†¡ ation. Discuss †¦ve testable hypotheses regarding bidirectional causality among these four variables. (25 marks) + yt b) An investigator estimates a linear relation for German output growth (yt ): yt = 1 + ut , t = 1850; : : : ; 1999. The values of †¦ve test statistics are shown in Table 1: Discuss the results. Is the above equation correctly speci†¦ed? (10 marks) 3. (a) i) Show how various examples of typical hypotheses †¦t into a general linear framework: Rb = r, where R is a (q k) matrix of known constants, with q k, b is the (k 1) least-squares vector, and r is a q -vector of known constants. ii) Show how the least-squares estimator (b) of about . an be used to test various hypotheses iii) â€Å"The test procedure is then to reject the hypothesis Rb = r if the computed F value exceeds a preselected critical value† Discuss. (20 marks) (b) The results of least-squares est imation (based on 30 quarterly observations) of the regression of the actual on predicted interest rates (three-month U. S. Treasury Bills) were as follows: rt = 0:24 + 0:94 rt + et ; RSS = 28:56; (0:86) (0:14) where rt is the observed interest rate, and rt is the average expectation of rt held at the end of the preceding quarter. FiguresX parentheses are estimated standard errors. in X (rt r )2 = 52. The sample data on r give rt =30 = 10, According to the rational expectations hypothesis expectations are unbiased, that is, the average prediction is equal to the observed realization of the variable under investigation. Test this claim by reference to announced predictions and to actual values of the rate of interest on three-month U. S. Treasury Bills. (Note: In the above equation all the assumptions of the classical linear regression model are satis†¦ed). 15 marks) Continued (Turn over) 2 4. (a) What are the assumptions of the classical linear regression model? (10 marks) (b) Prove that the variance-covariance matrix of the (k 1) least-squares vector b is: var(b) = 2 (X 0 X) 1 , where 2 is the variance of the disturbances and X is the (n k) matrix of the regressors. (15 marks) b (c) In the two-variable equation: Yi = a+bXi , i = 1; : : : ; n show that cov(a; b) = 2 X= X)2 . (10 marks) X (X 5. (a) Explain how we might use White statistic to test for the presence of heteroscedasticity in the estimated residuals. 10 marks) (b) A speci†¦ed equation is Y = X +u, with E(u) = 0 and E(uu0 ) = ; where =diagf 2 ; : : : ; 1 Derive White’ correct estimates of the standard errors of the OLS coe? cients. s (15 marks) (c) Explain how we might test for ARCH e ¤ects? (10 marks) 2 2g . 3 Table 1. Test statistic Value of the test p-value White heteroscedasticity test 50. 72 0. 00 Box-Pierce Statistic on 82. 263 0. 00 Squared Residuals Jarque-Bera statistic 341. 754 0. 00 ARCH test 65. 42 0. 00 Ramsey test statistic 39. 74 0. 00 4 How to cite Regression Analysis and Marks, Essay examples

Rewriting What to do when you have to rephrase someone else’s words - The Writers For Hire

REWRITING: WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU HAVE TO REPHRASE SOMEONE ELSE’S WORDS One of the things freelance writers are often called upon to do is rewriting. That is, they’re charged with finding new ways to present information that’s already been written about elsewhere – sometimes because the original format is not suited for the target audience and sometimes to avoid copyright infringement. This isn’t always easy. Sometimes, the source material is highly technical and therefore difficult to explain to non-expert readers. (Much less frequently, it’s the other way around, with source material written in such a simplistic fashion as to bore the experts.) And sometimes, when the material comes from a proprietary source, rewriting is a delicate task that requires writers to choose their words carefully and present ideas differently, so as not to blur the boundaries of intellectual property. Despite these challenges, freelance writers can thread this needle. In this post, we’ll discuss some of the ways freelance writers can achieve their aim while still turning out high-quality copy. Striking the right tone We’ll start by addressing the question of how to strike the right tone. As noted above, rewriting can involve adapting highly technical material for a lay audience – say, using an article from a medical journal as the source material for a blog post on new developments in medical research. If this is the case, the writer handling the assignment should assess two factors: first, the average actual level of technical knowledge displayed in the original material and second, the average likely level of technical knowledge among members of the target audience. The next step is to estimate the gap between those two averages. Once the writer has an idea of how large that gap is, he or she can choose words that bridge that gap. Unfortunately, there’s no mathematical formula for making this call. Instead, there’s a subjective element, meaning that the writer has to decide how much to adjust the original material. If, for example, the source material reads like this ORIGINAL: Using genome-wide data from 253,288 individuals, we identified 697 variants at genome-wide significance that together explained one-fifth of the heritability for adult height. the writer might offer the following to a general audience with little or no specialized knowledge SIMPLIFIED REWRITE: Researchers have determined that 20% of the differences in adult height can be explained by a combination of nearly 700 different genetic variations. and the following to readers with a moderate level of specialized knowledge: MODERATE REWRITE: An analysis of genome-wide data from more than 250,000 individuals has led researchers to conclude that combinations of 697 specific genetic variants account for 20% of inherited differences in height. Both of these rewrites succeed because they convey the main idea of the source material, using language that is appropriate for the target audience. Even better, they transform dry, technical prose into something that reads more like a story than a laboratory report. Avoiding copyright violations But rewriting isn’t always about tone and sizing up target audiences. Sometimes it’s a more straightforward task – something along the lines of summarizing news coverage of a particular topic. If so, writers must remember that the journalistic material they’re using – wire reports, newspaper articles, magazine features, etc. – is almost always copyrighted. As such, it is subject to legal restrictions on its use, and writers who want to use the information must take steps to ensure that their product does not mirror the original text. Fortunately, there are several ways to do this. One way is to take the facts presented, and re-word them in a way that is unique, but still tells the same basic information. In practical terms, this might entail starting with â€Å"Snow White and the Seven Dwarves† and then using the thesaurus to end up with â€Å"The Seven Short Men and Frost White.† And in less fanciful terms, it might involve starting with this Reuters article, dated September 3 ORIGINAL: The U.S. Federal Reserve should cut interest rates by half a percentage point at its meeting in two weeks to get ahead of both financial market expectations for a rate cut and a global trade war that has become a broader â€Å"reckoning† over how the world economy is organized, St. Louis Federal Reserve President James Bullard said in an interview on Tuesday. and ending up with something like this: REWRITTEN: James Bullard, the president of the St. Louis Federal Reserve, has spoken out in favor of a cut in interest rates. In an interview with Reuters, Bullard urged the U.S. Federal Reserve to bring interest rates down by 0.5% at an upcoming meeting, saying this would help Washington stay ahead of market expectations and also take the lead in trade disputes that have raised questions about the organization of the global economy. This method can also be used for direct quotes from proprietary sources. It can help writers start with the following excerpt from the same Reuters article ORIGINAL: â€Å"This is an unraveling of the trade liberalization process that has been going on since World War Two.† and finish with this: REWRITTEN: According to Bullard, the disputes between the U.S. and other countries such as China indicate that efforts to liberalize trade are faltering after more than 70 years of forward movement. Writers can also look for opportunities to emphasize a different point from the source material. If the original text addresses a secondary theme somewhere in the middle, the rewritten text can bring that secondary theme into the spotlight, rather than leading with the primary topic. For example, writers can begin with this ORIGINAL: The U.S. Federal Reserve should cut interest rates by half a percentage point at its meeting in two weeks to get ahead of both financial market expectations for a rate cut and a global trade war that has become a broader â€Å"reckoning† over how the world economy is organized, St. Louis Federal Reserve President James Bullard said in an interview on Tuesday. Global investors have sent bond yields plummeting in recent weeks to record lows, leaving the Fed’s overnight policy rate seemingly out of line, Bullard said. Economic data on Tuesday meanwhile showed the U.S. manufacturing sector had contracted for the first time in three years amid slowing global economic growth and as China and the U.S. ratchet up tariffs on each other. and end up with this: REWRITTEN: James Bullard, the president of the St. Louis Federal Reserve, expressed concern about newly released economic data showing that the domestic manufacturing sector had shrunk for the first time since 2016, even as global economic growth rates slowed and trade disputes between the U.S. and China persisted. In an interview with Reuters, Bullard noted that recent developments had caused bond yields to sink to new lows. Under these conditions, he said, the U.S. Federal Reserve’s overnight policy rate is due for a change. He specifically recommended that the Fed consider reducing interest rates by 0.5% at an upcoming meeting. Taking this step would help the U.S. government address financial market players’ predictions of a rate cut and stay one step ahead of questions about how the U.S.-China trade war has affected the organization of the global economy. Once again, these rewrites succeed because they convey essentially the same ideas and the same information as the source material. But they also serve the writers’ purposes because they use different words and phrases (and sometimes emphasize different points) as they do so. Coloring outside the lines In the examples listed above, we have seen that writers who are trying to rework source material face restrictions – either technically, because they are dealing with subject matter that is complex, jargon-laden, and stylized in its presentation, or legally, because of its copyrighted status. But we have also seen that there are ways to work within and even transcend these restrictions. Writers can benefit significantly if they remember to use basic tools such as a thesaurus, but they can do even more if they find new ways to approach the same old information.